
| function | hyperbolic | inverse (arcus) | inverse hyperbolic (area) |
| sin (sine) | sinh | sin-1 (or Arcsin) | sinh-1 (or Arsinh) |
| cos (cosine) | cosh | cos-1 (or Arccos) | cosh-1 (or Arcosh) |
| tan (tangent) | tanh | tan-1 (or Arctan) | tanh-1 (or Artanh) |
| cot (cotangent) | coth | cot-1 (or Arccot) | coth-1 (or Arcoth) |
| sec (secant) | sech | sec-1 (or Arcsec) | sech-1 (or Arsech) |
| csc (cosecant) | csch | csc-1 (or Arccsc) | csch-1 (or Arcsch) |
Defined from sine or hyperbolics:
cos(A) = sin(A+π/2)
tan(A) = sin(A)/cos(A) = sin(A)/sin(A+π/2)
cot(A) = cos(A)/sin(A) = sin(A+π/2)/sin(A)
sec(A) = 1/cos(A) = 1/sin(A+π/2) = csc(A+π/2)
csc(A) = 1/sin(A)
tanh(A) = sinh(A)/cosh(A)
coth(A) = cosh(A)/sinh(A)
sech(A) = 1/cosh(A)
csch(A) = 1/sinh(A)
Defined by right triangle:
sin(A) = a/c
cos(A) = b/c
tan(A) = a/b
cot(A) = b/a
sec(A) = c/b
csc(A) = c/a
| sin(x) = (eix-e-ix)/2i | sinh(x) = (ex-e-x)/2 |
| cos(x) = (eix+e-ix)/2 | cosh(x) = (ex+e-x)/2 |
| tan(x) = (eix-e-ix)/i(eix+e-ix) | tanh(x) = (ex-e-x)/(ex+e-x) |
| cot(x) = i(eix+e-ix)/(eix-e-ix) | coth(x) = (ex+e-x)/(ex-e-x) |
| sec(x) = 2/(eix+e-ix) | sech(x) = 2/(ex-e-x) |
| csc(x) = 2i/(eix-e-ix) | csch(x) = 2/(ex+e-x) |
Definitions of inverse hyperbolic functions from natural logarithms:
sinh-1(x) = ln (x+(x2+1)1/2), all x
cosh-1(x) = ln(x+(x2-1)1/2), x>=1
tanh-1(x) = ln((1+x)/(1-x))/2, -1 < x < 1
coth-1(x) = ln((x+1)/(x-1))/2, 1<x or x<-1
sech-1(x) = ln(x-1+(x-2-1)1/2), 0<x<=1
csch-1(x) = ln(x-1+(x-2+1)1/2), x<>0

Sums, differences and products:
sin(A) + sin(B) = 2sin(½(A + B)cos(½(A - B)
sin(A) - sin(B) = 2cos(½(A + B)sin(½(A - B)
cos(A) + cos(B) = 2cos(½(A + B)cos(½(A - B)
cos(A) - cos(B) = 2sin(½(A + B)sin(½(B - A)
cos(A) + sin(A) = &radic(2)sin(A + &pi/4)
cos(A) - sin(A) = &radic(2)cos(A + &pi/4)
sin(A)sin(B) = ½(cos(A - B) - cos(A + B))
cos(A)cos(B) = ½(cos(A - B) + cos(A + B))
sin(A)cos(B) = ½(sin(A - B) + sin(A + B))
Half angle formulas:
sin(x/2) = ±(1/2-cos(x)/2)1/2
cos(x/2) = ±(1/2+sin(x)/2)1/2
tan(x/2) = sin(x)/(1+cos(x)) = (1-cos(x))/sin(x) = csc(x) - cot(x)
cot(x/2) = (1+cos(x))/sin(x) = sin(x)/(1-cos(x))
sec(x/2) =
csc(x/2) =
sinh(x/2) = ±(cosh(x)/2-1/2)1/2
cosh(x/2) = ±(cosh(x)/2+1/2)1/2
tanh(x/2) = sinh(x)/(1+cosh(x)) = (cosh(x)-1)/sinh(x)
coth(x/2) = (1+cosh(x))/sinh(x) = sinh(x)/(cosh(x)-1)
sech(x/2) =
csch(x/2) =
Multiple angle formulas:
2x:
sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x)
cos(2x) = cos2(x) - sin2(x) = 1 - 2sin2(x) = 2cos2(x) - 1
tan(2x) = 2tan(x)/[1 - tan2(x)]
sinh(2x) = 2sinh(x)cosh(x)
cosh(2x) = cos2(x) + sin2(x) = 1 + 2sin2(x) = 2cos2(x) - 1
tanh(2x) = 2tanh(x)/[1 + tanh2(x)]
3x:
sin(3x) = 3sin(x) - 4sin3(x)
cos(3x) = 4cos3(x) - 3cos(x)
tan(3x) = [3tan(x) - tan3(x)]/[1 - 3tan2(x)]
sinh(3x) = 3sinh(x) + 4sinh3(x)
cosh(3x) = 4cosh3(x) - 3cosh(x)
tanh(3x) = [3tanh(x) + tanh3(x)]/[1 + 3tanh2(x)]
4x:
sin(4x) = 4sin(x)cos(x) - 8sin3(x)cos(x)
cos(4x) = 8cos4(x) - 8cos2(x) + 1
tan(4x) = [4tan(x) - 4tan3(x)]/[1 - 6tan2(x) + tan4(x)]
sinh(4x) = 4sinh(x)cosh(x) + 8sinh3(x)cosh(x)
cosh(4x) = 8cosh4(x) - 8cosh2(x) + 1
tanh(4x) = [4tanh(x) + 4tanh3(x)]/[1 + 6tanh2(x) + tanh4(x)]
Power formulas:
X2:
sin2(x) = [1 - cos(2x)]/2
cos2(x) = [1 + cos(2x)]/2
sinh2(x) = [cosh(2x) - 1]/2
cosh2(x) = [cosh(2x) + 1]/2
X3:
sin3(x) = [3sin(x) - sin(3x)]/4
cos3(x) = [3cos(x) + cos(3x)]/4
sinh3(x) = [sinh(3x) - 3sinh(x)]/4
cosh3(x) = [cosh(3x) + 3cosh(x)]/4
X4:
sin4(x) = [3 - 4cos(2x) + cosh(4x)]/8
cos4(x) = [3 + 4cos(2x) + cosh(4x)]/8
sinh4(x) = [3 - 4cosh(2x) + cosh(4x)]/8
cosh4(x) = [3 + 4cosh(2x) + cosh(4x)]/8

Idiots formulas (identities):
sin2(x) + cos2(x) = 1
sec2(x) - tan2(x) = 1
csc2(x) - cot2(x) = 1
cosh2(x) - sinh2(x) = 1
sech2(x) + tanh2(x) = 1
coth2(x) - csch2(x) = 1
sin-1(x) + cos-1(x) = π/2
tan-1(x) + cot-1(x) = π/2
sec-1(x) + csc-1(x) = π/2
| sin(-x) = - sin(x) | sinh(-x) = -sinh(x) | sin-1(-x) = -sin-1(x) | sinh-1(-x) = -sinh-1(x) |
| cos(-x) = cos(x) | cosh(-x) = cosh(x) | cos-1(-x) = π-cos-1(x) | cosh-1(-x) = |
| tan(x) = -tan(x) | tanh(-x) = -tanh(x) | tan-1(-x) = -tan-1(x) | tanh-1(-x) = -tanh-1(x) |
| cot(-x) = -cot(x) | cot(-x) = -coth(x) | cot-1(-x) = π-cot-1(x) | coth-1(-x) = -coth-1(x) |
| sec(-x) = sec(x) | sech(-x) = sech(x) | sec-1(-x) = π-sec-1(x) | sech-1(-x) = |
| csc(x) = -csc(x) | csch(-x) = -csch(x) | csc-1(-x) = -csc-1(x) | csch-1(-x) = -csch-1(x) |
| sin(x) = -i sinh(ix) | sinh(x) = -i sin(ix) | sin-1(x) = -i sinh-1(ix) | sinh-1(x) = -i sin-1(ix) |
| cos(x) = cosh(ix) | cosh(x) = cos(ix) | cos-1(x) = ±i cosh-1(x) | cosh-1(x) = ±i cos-1(x) |
| tan(X) = -i tan(ix) | tanh(x) = -i tan(ix) | tan-1(x) = -i tanh-1(ix) | tanh-1(x) = -i tan-1(ix) |
| cot(x) = i coth(ix) | coth(x) = i cot(ix) | cot-1(x) = i coth-1(ix) | coth-1(x) = i cot-1(ix) |
| sec(x) = sech(ix) | sech(x) = sec(ix) | sec-1(x) = ±i sech-1(x) | sech-1(x) = ±i sec-1(x) |
| csc(x) = i csch(ix) | csch(x) = i csc(ix) | csc-1(x) = i csch-1(ix) | csch-1(x) = i csc-1(ix) |
Periodicity:
| sin(x + 2n&pi i) = sin(x) | sinh(x + 2n&pi i) = sinh(x) |
| cos(x + 2n&pi i) = cos(x) | cosh(x + 2n&pi i) = cosh(x) |
| tan(x + n&pi i) = tan(x) | tanh(x + n&pi i) = tanh(x) |
| cot(x + n&pi i) = cot(x) | coth(x + n&pi i) = coth(x) |
| sec(x + 2n&pi i) = sec(x) | sech(x + 2n&pi i) = sech(x) |
| csc(x + 2n&pi i) = csc(x) | csch(x + 2n&pi i) = csch(x) |
Area formulas:
Area = ½(ab sin(C))
Area = ½(ab sin(C))
Area = &radic(s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)), with s = ½(a + b + c)
Law of Sines:
a/sin(A) = b/sin(B) = c/sin(C)
bc sin(A) = 2&radic(s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)), with s = ½(a + b + c)
Law of Cosines:
c² = a² + b² - 2ab cos(C)
Law of Tangents:
(a+b)/(a-b) = tan(½(A + B))/tan(½(A - B))
Dot product:
A·B = AB cos(&theta)

| d sin(x) = cos(x) dx | d sinh(x) = cosh(x) dx | d sin-1 (x) = (1-x2)-1/2 dx | d sinh-1 (x) = (x2+1)-1/2 dx |
| d cos(x) = -sin(x)dx | d cosh(x) = sinh(x) dx | d cos-1 (x) = -(1-x2)-1/2 dx | d cosh-1 (x) = +-(x2-1)-1/2 dx |
| d tan (x) = sec2(x) dx | d tanh (x) = sech2(x) dx | d tan-1 (x) = (1+x2)-1 dx | d tanh-1 (x) = (1-x2)-1 dx |
| d cot (x) = -csc2(x) dx | d coth (x) = -csch2(x) dx | d cot-1 (x) = -(1+x2)-1 dx | d coth-1 (x) = (1-x2)-1 dx |
| d sec (x) = sec(x)tan(x) dx | d sech (x) = -sech(x)tanh(x) dx | d sec-1 (x) = (x4-x2)-1/2 dx | d sech-1 (x) = +-(x2-x4)-1/2 dx |
| d csc (x) = -csc(x)cot(x) dx | d csch (x) = -csch(x)coth(x) dx | d csc-1 (x) = -(x4-x2)-1/2 dx | d csch-1 (x) = -(x2+x4)-1/2 dx |
| ∫ sin(x) dx = -cos(x) | ∫ sinh(x) dx = cosh(x) | ∫ sin-1(x) dx = xsin-1(x)+(1-x2)1/2 | ∫ sinh-1(x) dx = xsinh-1(x)-(1+x2)1/2 |
| ∫ cos(x) dx = sin(x) | ∫ cosh(x) dx = sinh(x) | ∫ cos-1(x) dx = xcos-1(x)-(1-x2)1/2 | ∫ cosh-1(x) dx = xcosh-1(x)+-(x2-1)1/2 |
| ∫ tan(x) dx = -ln cos(x) | ∫ tanh(x) dx = ln cosh(x) | ∫ tan-1(x) dx = xtan-1(x)-(ln(1+x2))/2 | ∫ tanh-1(x) dx = xtanh-1(x)+(ln(1-x2))/2 |
| ∫ cot(x) dx = ln sin(x) | ∫ coth(x) dx = ln sinh(x) | ∫ cot-1(x) dx = xcot-1(x)+(ln(1+x2))/2 | ∫ coth-1(x) dx = xcoth-1(x)+(ln(x2-1))/2 |
| ∫ sec(x) dx = ln (sec(x)+tan(x)) | ∫ sech(x) dx = 2tan-1(x)ex | ∫ sec-1(x) dx = xsec-1(x)+-ln(x+(x2-1)1/2) | ∫ sech-1(x) dx = xsech-1(x)+-sin-1(x) |
| ∫ csc(x) dx = ln (csc(x)-cot(x)) | ∫ csch(x) dx = ln tanh(x/2) | ∫ csc-1(x) dx = xcsc-1(x)+-ln(x+(x2-1)1/2) | ∫ csch-1(x) dx = xcsch-1(x)+-sinh-1(x) |

| sin(0) = 0 | sinh(0) = 0 | sin-1(0) = 0 | sinh-1(0) = 0 |
| cos(0) = 1 | cosh(0) = 1 | cos-1(0) = π/2 | cosh-1(0) = i π/2 |
| tan(0) = 0 | tanh(0) = 0 | tan-1(0) = 0 | tanh-1(0) = 0 |
| cot(0) = ∞ | cot(0) = ∞ | cot-1(0) = π/2 | coth-1(0) = |
| sec(0) = 1 | sech(0) = 1 | sec-1(0) = | sech-1(0) = ∞ |
| csc(0) = ∞ | csch(0) = ∞ | csc-1(0) = | csch-1(0) = ∞ |
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